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Building a raised garden bed is a great project for your garden. A raised bed can add an attractive feature and improve growing conditions for your vegetables. You can also garden without the strain of bending and kneeling.
Selecting the right sleepers is important for the longevity of your garden bed and to ensure the health of your plants. This guide explores the most common types of sleepers, their strengths, and what to consider when making your choice.
Considerations when choosing sleepers for a raised garden bed
Durability is one of the most important factors when choosing sleepers. Materials like hardwood, composite and concrete sleepers tend to last significantly longer than treated Pine sleepers, making them a better choice for gardeners looking for a long-term solution.
Food safety should also be a top priority if you plan to grow vegetables or herbs. CCA-treated Pine contains arsenic, which can leach into the soil, so it's best to avoid it unless you line with plastic or paint the inside of the bed. Safer alternatives include ACQ-treated Pine, MicroPro-treated timber, untreated hardwood or composite sleepers.
Aesthetics might also influence your choice. Natural timber sleepers have a rustic, traditional feel that suits cottage or country-style gardens. In contrast, concrete and composite sleepers tend to offer a more modern, streamlined appearance.
Cost is another practical factor to consider. Treated Pine is typically the most affordable option upfront, making it a popular choice for budget-conscious gardeners. However, while composite and concrete sleepers have a higher initial cost, they usually require less maintenance and have a much longer lifespan, potentially saving money over time.
Most popular sleepers for garden beds
Here are the most common types of sleepers used for garden beds and their strengths.
Treated Pine sleepers
Treated Pine sleepers are among the most affordable and widely available options for building raised garden beds. They are normally treated to prevent rot and extend their longevity. Avoid using CCA (Copper Chrome Arsenate) treated Pine sleepers for food gardens. They are easy to differentiate as they have a green colour. ACQ (Alkaline Copper Quaternary) and MicroPro treated sleepers are safer alternatives for food gardens as they are treated with copper-based preservatives.
Hardwood sleepers
Hardwood sleepers are a natural (typically chemical-free) option, offering excellent durability and long lifespan. They are more resistant to decay and pests than options like Pine, making them perfect for food gardens. However, hardwood sleepers are more expensive than Pine and can be harder to work with due to their density. Some hardwoods might still require minor maintenance to enhance longevity, such as periodic oiling. If you prefer a completely natural material for your raised garden bed, most hardwood sleepers are an ideal choice. Just be sure to check that your hardwood sleepers have not been treated with CCA.
Concrete sleepers
Concrete sleepers a durable, low-maintenance, chemical-free solution for raised garden beds. They are resistant to rot, insects and unaffected by moisture. They are also free from chemicals, which makes them safe for growing food. While concrete sleepers are more expensive and difficult to install due to their weight, their longevity and low maintenance make them a worthwhile investment for permanent garden beds.
Composite sleepers
Composite sleepers are made from recycled plastic and wood fibres. The sleepers are resistant to decay, lightweight and require minimal maintenance. They also do not leach harmful chemicals, making them safe for food gardens. While composite sleepers are more expensive than untreated timber, they are a great choice for a durable, long-lasting garden bed.
How to build a raised garden bed
For step-by-step guides, check out How to build a simple raised garden bed for beginners and How to build a raised garden bed for those with more advanced skills. For more inspiration, browse member projects in our collection of the Top 10 most popular raised garden beds and 10 ways to build a raised garden bed.
Remember to always wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when working in the garden. If you’re drilling, cutting or handling sleepers (especially treated timber) use gloves, safety glasses and a dust mask to protect yourself from splinters, dust and chemical exposure.
If you need a hand with your raised garden bed project, don’t hesitate to Ask a question.
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