How to improve dry hard soil?

[Pete112]

I have a garden bed area (in-ground), and the soil has become very dry and hard. I've been using a shovel to break the soil up which has help quite a bit but I've noticed that it is struggling to retain mositure, or maybe I am not watering long enough for the water to go below further. It feels like it turns to 'mud' when wet rather than soil you find in a potting mix. 

Any thoughts on my soil health and how I can improve it? I mainly grow veggies/fruits in this garden such as; chilli, spring onion, garlic, coorinader, mints.

I am thinking to grow other items such as; broccoli , radish, spanish, beetroot if I can somehow improve the soil health and it is the same treatment as above veggies/fruit.

I'm happy to stop growing certain items if the soil is not right for certain items, as I have another garden bed that is doing very well. Or open to ideas of what is best to grow with this type of soil e.g) inground veggies (beetroot, carrot etc), or should I keep it as above ground veggies (chilli, herbs etc)?

Keen to hear your thoughts!

[JacobZ]

Hi @Pete112,

Dry, hard soil usually means it’s low in organic matter and has poor structure. The best way to fix this is by feeding the soil with compost and organic matter. Work plenty of compost, manure, or a soil improver into the top 15–20 cm using a garden fork to loosen it and improve water penetration. This not only helps the soil hold moisture but also boosts microbial life and encourages worms to return. If you’re digging fresh compost or manure into the soil, it’s best to wait about two weeks before planting. This gives the organic matter time to start breaking down, allows soil microbes to rebalance, and prevents any risk of nutrient burn from materials that are still decomposing.

Once you’ve enriched the soil and planted, keep the ground covered with organic mulch such as straw or sugar cane mulch, leaving spaces around your plants. Mulch helps retain moisture, prevents the surface from hardening, and gradually adds more organic material as it breaks down. 

For ongoing nutrition, use organic fertilisers like blood and bone, dynamic lifter, or liquid seaweed. These feed plants, while improving soil health over time, unlike synthetic fertilisers, which can make the soil even harder.

By adding compost regularly, keeping the soil mulched, and using gentle, organic fertilisers, you’ll steadily build a crumbly, moisture-holding soil structure.

Almost any vegetable or herb will grow well once the soil is healthy, so it’s best to focus on building rich, living soil rather than worrying about specific plants. When the soil has good structure, organic matter, and plenty of microbial activity, it naturally supports everything from root crops like beetroot and carrots to leafy greens, herbs, and fruiting plants. Once your soil improves, you’ll find most plants will thrive with far less effort.

Let me know what you think and if you have further questions, please don't hesitate to ask.

Jacob